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Tuesday 12 June 2012

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY


WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY is generally used for mobile IT equipment. It encompasses cellular telephones, personal digital assistants (PDA's), and wireless networking.
Other examples of wireless technology include GPS units, garage door openers and or garage doors, wireless computer mice and keyboards, satellite television and cordless telephones.


What is Wireless?
Wireless networking technologies range from global voice and data networks which allow users networks, to establish wireless connections across long distances, to infrared light and radio frequency technologies that are optimized for short‐range wireless connections.
Wireless network most commonly use to refer to a telecommunications network whose interconnections between nodes is implemented without the use of wires, such as a computer network.
Wireless telecommunications networks are generally implemented with some type of information transmission system that uses electromagnetic waves, such as radio waves, for the carrier
Wireless communication involves
        radio frequency communication
        microwave communication, for example long‐range line of sight via highly directional antennas or short line‐of‐antennas, shortrange communication
        infrared (IR) short‐range communication, for example from remote controls or via IRDA Applications may involve point‐to‐point communication, point‐to‐multipoint communication, broadcasting , cellular networks and other wireless networks.

Devices commonly use wireless networking technologies:
         portable computers,
         desktop computers
         hand‐held computers,
         personal digital assistants (PDAs),
         cellular phones,
         pen‐based computers,
         pagers, GPS etc.

The practical purposes
         mobile users can use their cellular phone to access e‐mail.
         Travelers with portable computers can connect to the Internet through base stations installed in airports, railway stations, and other public locations.
         At home, users can connect devices on their desktop to synchronize data and transfer files.

Type of Wireless Network
1.       Wireless wide area networks (WWANs)
2.       Wireless metropolitan area networks (WMANs)
3.       Wireless local area networks (WLANs)
4.       Wireless personal area networks (WPANs)

1.            Wireless wide area networks (WWANs)
WWAN technologies enable users to establish wireless connections over remote public or private networks. These connections can be maintained over large geographical areas, such as cities or countries, through the use of multiple antenna sites or satellite systems maintained by wireless service providers.
2.            Wireless metropolitan area networks (WMANs)
WMAN technologies enable users to establish wireless connections between multiple locations within a metropolitan area (for example, between multiple office buildings in a city or on a university campus), without the high cost of laying fiber or copper cabling and leasing lines
3.            Wireless local area networks (WLANs)
Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) are implemented as an extension to wired LANs within a building and can provide the final few meters of connectivity between a wired network and the mobile user.
WLAN technologies enable users to establish wireless connections within a local area (for example, within a corporate or campus building, or in a public space, such as an airport). WLANs can be used in temporary offices or other spaces where the installation of extensive cabling would be prohibitive, or to supplement an existing LAN so that users can work at different locations within a building at different times.


4.                   4      .Wireless personal area networks (WPANs)
WPAN technologies enable users to establish ad hoc, wireless communications for devices (such as PDAs, cellular phones, or laptops) that are used within a personal operating space (POS).
A POS is the space surrounding a person, up to a distance of 10 meters.

Application
        Voice and messaging,
        Hand‐held and other Internet‐enableddevices, and
        Data Networking.

Voice and messaging,
        Cell phones, pagers.
        analog or digital standards
        The analog standard is the Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS).
        Digital standards are Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), or Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA).

Hand‐held and other Internet‐enabled devices
        Internet‐enabled cell phones and Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) can connect to the Internet across a digital wireless network.
        Uses Wireless Application Protocol (WAP),and WML (Wireless Markup Language)
        the majority of current Internet content is not optimized for these devices; presently, only email, stock quotes, news, messages and simple transaction oriented services are messages, transaction‐available.
        Other limitations include low bandwidth (less than 14 Kbps), low quality of service, high cost, the need for additional equipment, and high utilization of devices' battery power. Nevertheless, this type of wireless technology is growing rapidly with better and more interoperable products.

Data Networking.
        Infra Red
        wireless local area networks (WLANs)
        broadband wireless.
        Bluetooth,
        WiMax


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